THE EFFECT OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY TO IMPROVE THE WELL-BEING OF PREGNANT WOMEN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61841/9gdkth82Keywords:
Pregnancy, cognitive behaviour therapy, well-beingAbstract
Methods: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a psychological intervention based on models of human behavior, cognition, and emotion. Of the 120 pregnant women who attended the counseling session, 58 were classified as having low well-being scores, while 62 had high scores. Out of the 58 with low well-being scores, 30 women were willing to participate and were selected as the sample. A scale was developed to measure perceived well-being, and its content validity was confirmed by experts in the field. The reliability of the scale was assessed through different methods: Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.59, the parallel form method had a reliability of 0.61, and the split-half method reliability was 0.62. Both English and Tamil versions of the questionnaire were used. The correlation coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.81.
Results: The 't' value for the comparison was found to be 0.485 and 0.091, indicating no significant difference between the experimental and control group pre-test scores, and also no significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores in the control group. However, a paired sample t-test revealed a significant difference between pre-test scores (M = 181.13, SD = 13.789) and post-test scores (M = 196.24, SD = 16.835) for the experimental group. The control group had a mean pre-test score of 179.13 (SD = 14.015) and the experimental group's post-test score was 196.27 (SD = 16.835) after the intervention.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores in the experimental group. This suggests that CBT was effective in improving the perceived well-being of pregnant women, helping them manage physical and mental imbalances. The behavioral intervention program was shown to be beneficial for pregnant women.
Downloads
References
1. Agras, W.S., Walsh, T., Fairburn, C.G., Wilson, G.T., & Kraemer, H.C. (2000). A multicenter
comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia
nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 459-466.
2. Barber, J.P., & Crits-Christoph, P. (1995). Dynamic therapies for psychiatric disorders (Axis I).
New York: Basic Books.
3. Barnea ER, Tal J. (1991), - Stress related reproductive failure. J IVF ET?
4. Beck, J.S. (1995). Cognitive Therapy—Basics and Beyond. New York: Guilford Press.
5. Beck, A.T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62,
953-959.
6. Beck CT. (2004), - Post-traumatic stress disorder due to child-birth: the aftermath. Nurs Res.
7. Biernacka, Hanke, Makowiec-dabrowska, makowska, and sobala (2007),Occupationrelated psychosocial factors in pregnancy and risk of preterm delivery, Medycyna
Pracy [2007, 58(3):205-214] Type: Journal Article, English Abstract (lang: pol).
8. Bradley, R., Greene, j^,, Russ, E,, Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005). A multidimensional metaanalysis of psychotherapy for PTSD, American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 214-227,
9. Buttolph ML, Holland A.(1990), - Obsessive compulsive disorders in pregnancy and
childbirth. In: Jenke M, Baer L, Minivhiello WE (eds). Obsessive Compulsive disorders: theory
and management. Chicago: Year book Medical Publishers.
10. Charles P Larson (2007) Poverty during pregnancy: Its effects on child health outcomes
Paediatr Child Health. 2007 October; 12(8): 673–677.PMCID: PMC2528810.
11. Clartcin, J.F., Yeomans, F.E., & Kernberg, O.F. (1999). Psychotherapy for borderline
personality. New York: Wiley.
12. Craighead, W.E., Hart, A.B., Wilcoxon, A., Craighead, L., & Itardi, S.S. (2002). Psychosocial
treatments for major depressive disorder. In P.E. Nathan & J.M. Gorman (Eds.), A guide to
treatments that work. 2"'' ed. (pp. 245-262). New York: Oxford University Press
13. Cuder, J.L., Goldyne, A., Markowitz, J.C., Devlin, M.J., & Glick, R.A. (2004). Comparing
cognitive behavior therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and psychodynamic
psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 1567-1573.
14. Dobson, K.S. (Ed.) (2000). Handbook of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies. 2""^ ed. New York:
Guiiford Publications.
15. Gabbard, G,O,, Westen, D, (2003), Rethinking therapeutic action. International Journal of
Psychoanalysis, 84, 823-41,
16. Gloaguen, V,, Cottraux, J,, Cucherat, M,, & Blackburn, I.M. (1998), A meta-analysis of the
effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 49, 59-72,
17. Glover V. (1997), - Maternal stress or anxiety in pregnancy and emotional development of
the child. BJM
18. Hyun Ju Cho, Jung Hye Kwon, and Jeong Jae Lee(2008) Antenatal Cognitive-behavioral
Therapy for Prevention of Postpartum Depression: A Pilot Study
19. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091028114019.htm
20. Jones, C, Cormac, I,, Silveira da Mota Neto, J,I,, & Campbell, C, (2004), Cognitive behaviour
therapy for schizophrenia, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 18,
21. Kanfer, F,H,, & i'hillips, J.S, (1970), Learning foundations of behavior therapy. New York:
Wiley,
22. Kieffer, Martin and Herman (1996)Impact of maternal nativity on the prevalence of
diabetes during pregnancy among U.S. ethnic groups.
23. lindia Brannon and et al (2007) health psychology – an introduction to behaviour and
health, sixth edition, printed in the united states of America, 10-11.
24. Messer, S,B,, & Warren, CS, (1995), Models of brief psychodynamic therapy, A comparative
approach. New York: Guilford,
25. Misri S, Oberlander TF, Fairbrother N et al.(2004), - Relation between prenatal maternal
mood and anxiety and neonatal heath. Can J Psychiatry.
26. Nelson – Jones, R.(1994). – The theory of practice of counselling psychology – Cassel
London.
27. Ram Nath Sharma and et al (2004),- Advanced Applied Psychology, I edition, nice printing
press, New Delhi, 451-457, 475-477.
28. M.Robin Dimatteo and et al (2009) - “Health Psychology” I edition,printed in India by Taj
press,505.
29. Rimm, D.C. and Masters, J.C. (1974), - Behaviour Therapy: Techniques and q Empirical
Findings. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
30. Schell FJ, Allolio B, Schonecke OW(1994). “Physiological and psychological
effects of Hatha-Yoga exercise in healthy women.” International Journal of
Psychosomatics. 41(1-4): 46-52, 1994.
31. Searleman, Alan (1989); Porac, Clare; Coren, Stanley, Psychological Bulletin, Vol 105(3), 397-
408. Eelationship between birth order, birth stress, and lateral preferences: A critical review.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
32. Svartberg, M., Stiles, T., & Seltzer, M.H. (2004). Randomized, controlled trial of the
effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy for Cluster C
personality disorders. American journal of Psychiatry, 161, 810-817.
33. Swaminathan, V.D. and Kaliappan, K.V.(1997), Psychology for Effective Living- Behaviour
Modification, Guidance, Counselling and Yoga Chennai: The Madras Psychology Society
Publication.
34. Strupp, H.H., & Binder, J. (1984). Psychotherapy in a new key: A guide to time limited
dynamic psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.
35. Sozou PD, Hartshorne GM (2012) Time to Pregnancy: A Computational Method
for Using the Duration of Non-Conception for Predicting Conception. PLoS ONE
7(10): e46544. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046544
36. Szufladowicz-wozniak, szpitala, ginekologia(1998) The analysis of factors which
affect qualification of pregnant women as cord blood donors. 69(3):145-151]
(PMID:9639980) Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, English
Abstract (lang: pol)Tarrier, N., & Wykes, T. (2004). Is there evidence that cognitive
behaviour therapy is an effective treatment for schizophrenia? A cautious or
cautionary tale? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1377-1401.
37. L, Walker JF, Anderson D.(1992), - Cognitive behavioural treatment of panic disorder during
pregnancy and lactation. Can J Psychiatry
38. Weissman, M.M., Markowitz, J., & Klerman, G. (2000). A comprehensive guide to
interpersonal psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.
39. Whiting, P., Bagnall, A.M., Sowden, AJ., CorneU, J.E., Mulrow, CD., & Ramirez, G. (2001).
Interventions for the treatment and management of chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic
review, journal of the American Medical Association, 286, 1360-1368.
40. Wong, Anokute(1990) The effect of consanguinity on pregnancy outcome in Saudi
Arabia.Journal of the Royal Society of Health [1990, 110(4):146-147] Type: Journal Article,
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
41. Zimmermann, G., Favrod, J., Trieu, V.H., & Pomini, V. (2005). The effect of cognitive
behavioural treatment on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a
meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 77, 1-9.
42. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090212210726.htm
43. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/10/091028114019.htm
44. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy#Second_trimester
45. http://synapse.koreamed.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0069YMJ/ymj-49-553.pdf - book
documents
46. http://synapse.koreamed.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/0069YMJ/ymj-49-553.pdf - book
documents
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Author
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation .
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
